Light wave being reflected back to the medium it comes from and can create interference with other wave in the medium refraction. In the next few chapters, we investigate the behavior of light when it interacts with optical devices such as mirrors, lenses, and apertures. In this book we need to use only the wave model, while the modern particle model will be used in the atoms and nuclei unit. It includes practical techniques, such as the 1n expansion color ordering and spacecone spinor helicity, and diverse topics. Students using this book should be familiar with differentiation, integration, and standard trigonometric and algebraic manipulation. The approach is pragmatic, rather than traditional or artistic. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Each lesson includes informative graphics, occasional animations and videos, and check your understanding sections that allow the user to practice what is taught. In this chapter, we study the basic properties of light.
Newton rejected the wave theory for good reason, but assumed the waves would be longitudinal like sound. Sir isaac newton believed that light was a stream of particles. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. These allen notes of physics is for both class 11th and 12th student who is preparing for iit jee and other engineering exams. Brown physics textbooks introductory physics i and ii a lecture note style textbook series intended to support the teaching of introductory physics, with calculus, at a level suitable for duke undergraduates. Electromagnetic waves are ultimately produced by an accelerating charge.
This confusion about the true nature of light continued for some years till a modern quantum theory of light emerged in which light is neither a wave nor a particle the new theory reconciles. Questions in this class notes are solved in a very easy and simple manner using short. Brown physics textbooks introductory physics i and ii a lecture note style textbook series intended to support the teaching of introductory physics, with calculus, at a. The nature of light as a wave a small disturbance in an electric field creates a small magnetic field, which in turn creates a small electric field, and so on light propagates itself by its bootstraps. This textbook series is billed as the light and matter series, but only now, in the fifth of the six volumes, are we ready to focus on light. This is an interactive, online etext on the physics of sound. Since it classically is described by a wave but necessarily has particlelike properties. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief intro. Electricity, magnetism and optics department of physics. The color of the light depends on the wave length of the light hence different wave lengths forms different colors of the light. They aim to simplify complex formulas and concepts for students by providing the best explanation with proper examples. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. Ncert physics books free pdf download for class 11 and class 12 april 6, 2019 by phani ncert physics books for class 11 and class 12 are published by the officials of ncert national council of educational research and training, new delhi.
As time progresses the wave moves forward, but its shape is the same. There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs. The nature of light uw madison astronomy department. The speed of light in a vacuum c is one of the fundamental constants of physics.
There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and elec tromagnetic waves. Sound lies at the very center of speech communication. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. Light waves vce the question of what is light was a matter of great debate during the 17th and 18th century. Christian huygens proposed that light travelled as waves. The graphs show the familiar sinecurve shape of the wave. Here we are providing allen institute wave optics class notes pdf for jee main 2018 exam. The first free comprehensive textbook on quantum and classical field theory. Wave, propagation of disturbances from place to place in a regular and organized way. How can it make sense to use the same word wave for all these disparate phenomena. Popular science books and textbooks to get you from high school to university. Physics textbooklight wikibooks, open books for an open. Starting with oscillations in general, the book moves to interference and diffraction phenomena of waves and concludes with elementary applications of schr. Due to waveparticle duality, light simultaneously exhibits properties of both waves and particles.
The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. Light the physics of the photon examines the photon phenomenon from several perspectives. Based on the wave theory, poisson, aragoand fresnel predicted that there should be a. The light rays come back along the same path because the incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to the reflecting surface. Physics of light and optics justin peatross michael ware brigham young university august 14, 2008. Since it travels at the speed of light, c 3 108 m s. My text for physical science and engineering majors is simple nature. This theory is called huygens wave theory of light. Light wave will suffer from the following effects reflection. Verma physics as a subject is vast and to have all the concepts of physics compiled in one book is indeed a boon to all students.
Ncert books for class 11 physics free pdf download. Ncert physics books free pdf download for class 11 and. Aimed at students with an intermediatelevel knowledge. Download free physics ebooks in pdf format or read physics books online. Light, reflection, and color characteristics of light light is an electromagnetic wave. From the early waveparticle arguments to the mathematical theory of electromagnetism to einsteins work on the quantization of light, different descriptions of what constitutes light have existed for over 300 years. Students can download ncert class 11 physics book part 1 and 2 from the links given below.
How light travels light waves ks3 physics revision. Discover the best physics of light in best sellers. Topics are addressed froma physics perspective and include the propagation of light in matter, reflection and transmission at boundaries, polarization effects, dispersion, coherence, ray optics and imaging, diffraction, and the quantumnature of light. Algebra and trig are used, and there are optional calculusbased sections. Wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. Find the top 100 most popular items in amazon books best sellers. As you will see when you reach relativity, it is a central concept in einsteins theory of relativity. Light travels in straight lines, so if you have to represent a ray of light in a drawing, always use a ruler. Revised version of cengage physics pdf is now available to download. As we all know that cengage physics books free download pdf is the best book of physics for learning physics. The ncert physics books are compiled by subject matter experts in a concise and clear manner. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introductory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. Download wave optics class notes pdf free of cost from below and share the post.
Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. When light wave travel through a medium if there is a bloking object that has a height greater than the wavelength of light wave. The idea that light can display both wave and particle characteristics is called waveparticle duality, which is examined in photons and matter waves. As the accuracy of the measurements of the speed of light improved, it was found that different observers, even those moving at large velocities with respect to each other, measure the same value for the speed. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A century later it was postulated that light could be a transverse wave. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of light. For mechanical waves which travel in a material medium, such as. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. Most familiar are surface waves that travel on water, but sound, light, and the motion of subatomic particles all exhibit wavelike properties. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. Pdf download allen physics notes pdf and module with. We deal with both normal and nonnormal angles of incidence. Conceptual ideas develop logically and sequentially, ultimately leading into the mathematics of the topics.
In the simplest waves, the disturbance oscillates periodically see periodic motion with a fixed frequency and. Dc pandey optics and modern physics pdf and solutions. This is an introductory text intended for a oneyear introductory course of the type typically taken by biology majors, or for ap physics 1 and 2. The physics classroom tutorial presents physics concepts and principles in an easytounderstand language. Unlike sound waves, light waves can travel through a vacuum empty space. The wave optics class notes pdf is the compilation of detailed theory part, solved examples, hc verma questions and previous year questions. Waveparticle duality edit the modern theory that explains the nature of light is waveparticle duality, described by albert einstein in the early 1900s, based on his. Give a brief account of huygens wave theory of light. Light and matter is aligned with california state content standards for high school physics pdf, and is one of 18 texts listed by the california free digital textbook initiative for use in public high schools. It is simpler to visualize a wave by drawing the wave fronts, which are usually taken to be the crests of the wave. Light waves can interfere with other light waves, canceling or amplifying them.
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